ISLAMABAD (TNS) After the establishment of Pakistan and India in 1947, several resolutions have been passed in the United Nations Security Council regarding the Kashmir conflict. It should be remembered that India was the first to take the Kashmir dispute to the Security Council. Indian forces entered Srinagar on October 27, 1947, in clear violation of international law and the freedom of the Kashmiri people, which also paved the way for the Indo-Pak conflict in Asia, for which India is responsible. The relationship between Kashmir and Pakistan is inseparable and Kashmir was, is and will remain a part of Pakistan. Kashmir is the jugular vein of Pakistan. Until the Kashmiri people are given their rights, peace will remain a dream. The Pakistani army has a long history of involvement in Kashmir, which began with the first Kashmir war in 1947 when it supported tribal forces against the Maharaja’s accession to India. In December 1947, Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru sought the help of the United Nations Security Council to resolve the Kashmir dispute. In 1948, the UN Security Council passed resolutions calling for a ceasefire and a plebiscite to allow the Kashmiris to decide whether to join Pakistan or India. The right of the people of Jammu and Kashmir to self-determination has been clearly recognized in the UN Security Council resolution and subsequent resolutions. These resolutions called for a free and fair plebiscite under UN supervision to decide the final status of Jammu and Kashmir. Both India and Pakistan had accepted these resolutions. Under Article 25 of the UN Charter, both parties are bound to implement the resolutions. For 79 years, India has obstructed the implementation of UN resolutions on Kashmir, and since 1989, its brutal repression in occupied Jammu and Kashmir has killed more than 100,000 Kashmiris. Since August 5, 2019, India has taken unilateral and illegal steps to annex occupied Jammu and Kashmir, which its extremist BJP leaders have called a “final solution.” The United Nations Security Council Resolution 122 (1957) states that unilateral steps to determine the future of Jammu and Kashmir cannot be a valid option for the State. Since August 5, 2019, all unilateral steps taken by India have been considered illegal and null and void. The people of occupied Jammu and Kashmir have clearly rejected India’s unilateral steps. The people of occupied Jammu and Kashmir continue to struggle for freedom and self-determination. At the 79th UN Security Council session, Pakistan’s Permanent Representative to the United Nations highlighted that the resolution of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute is essential for achieving lasting peace in South Asia. The responsibility lies with India to create conditions for dialogue on the dispute, for which it is necessary to stop the ongoing human rights violations in occupied Jammu and Kashmir. The demographic changes in the region should not only be stopped but also reversed, along with repealing the illegal unilateral measures taken since August 5, 2019. The United Nations and its member states are bound by the Charter to promote a peaceful resolution of the Jammu and Kashmir dispute. Pakistan will actively promote this objective using all means stipulated in the UN Charter. The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights issued two reports in 2018 and 2019 accusing India of serious human rights violations in Kashmir and calling for the formation of a Commission of Inquiry. Kashmir is an internationally recognized dispute and it is time for the permanent members of the UN to play their role for a peaceful resolution of the Kashmir issue. India has no legal standing to justify its occupation and genocide in occupied Jammu and Kashmir, while Pakistan has all the legal basis and justification to pursue the Kashmir case at all international forums. A peaceful resolution of Kashmir in accordance with the UN Security Council resolution and the wishes of the Kashmiri people is the only way to maintain peace and stability in the region.Since the establishment of Pakistan and India in 1947, several resolutions have been passed in the United Nations Security Council regarding the Kashmir dispute, but even after seven decades, this dispute has not been resolved. The United Nations Security Council passed the first resolution on the Kashmir dispute in January 1948 and so far more than a dozen resolutions have been passed to resolve this dispute. In the 38th resolution passed in the Security Council on January 17, 1948, the representatives of Pakistan and India were prevented from making statements on the deteriorating situation in Kashmir that would further aggravate the situation. The resolution further stated that the Kashmir dispute was under consideration in the Security Council. In the resolution No. 39 passed on January 20, 1948, a three-member commission was formed to resolve the Kashmir dispute. The commission was asked to select one member from India, one from Pakistan and one member by mutual consent of both. The task of the commission was to make recommendations to the Security Council through a joint letter to establish peace in the region. After hearing the arguments of Pakistan and India in Resolution No. 47, the Security Council increased the number of members of the special commission established under Resolution No. 39 to five. Representatives of Argentina, Belgium, Colombia, Czechoslovakia and the United States were also included in the commission. The resolution, adopted on April 21, 1948, instructed the commission to go to the region and restore peace between the two countries and to make arrangements for a plebiscite to be held under the supervision of the United Nations. The resolution asked for three steps to be taken to resolve the dispute. Pakistan was asked to recall its citizens who had gone to fight in Kashmir, while India was asked to gradually reduce its army and keep only as many troops in Kashmir as were required to maintain peace and order. Both countries were asked to ensure that Kashmir was decided through a plebiscite in accordance with the will of the Kashmiris. Resolution No. 51, passed on June 3, 1948, asked the United Nations Commission to visit the disputed areas and implement the instructions given by the Security Council.The resolution also asked for the inclusion of a letter written by the then Foreign Minister of Pakistan to the Security Council. In Resolution No. 80, after the reports of the UN Commission and Representative General McNaughton, the Security Council urged both countries to adhere to the ceasefire and the agreement to keep Jammu and Kashmir a demilitarized zone. In the resolution of March 14, 1950, India and Pakistan were asked to withdraw their troops to the Line of Control. The Northern Areas were administered by the United Nations and it was decided to elect a representative from the United Nations to hold a plebiscite. In Resolution No. 91, the report of the UN Representative Sir Owen Dixon outlined the differences preventing the holding of a plebiscite in Kashmir. The Security Council accepted the resignation of Sir Owen Dixon and asked his replacement to submit a report within three months and directed Pakistan and India to cooperate with the UN Representative. The report of March 31, 1951, further stated that a group of military observers would monitor the ceasefire. Resolution No. 96, adopted on November 10, 1951, presented the report of the United Nations representative, Frank Graham, who, in his address to the Security Council, stated that India and Pakistan had agreed to withdraw their troops from Kashmir, to resolve the Kashmir dispute by mutual consent, and to hold a plebiscite under the supervision of the United Nations. Resolution No. 98, in the negotiations supervised by the United Nations, it was agreed that India and Pakistan would be able to maintain a certain number of their troops on the Line of Control. In the resolution passed on 23 December 1952, this number was fixed at 3000 to 6000 for Pakistan, while for India it was fixed at 12000 to 18000.
Resolution No. 122, passed on 24 January 1957, stated that the Legislative Assembly of the All Jammu and Kashmir National Conference could not take any decision regarding the future of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir. The resolution further stated that according to Security Council Resolution No. 91, the territory of Jammu and Kashmir was disputed. In Resolution No. 123, passed on 21 February 1957, due to the tense situation in Jammu and Kashmir, the Security Council asked President Gunnar Jarring to visit Pakistan and India and give his suggestions for the solution of the dispute.
In Resolution No. 126, the report of the President of the Security Council, Gunnar Jarring, in the resolution of December 2, 1957, directed India and Pakistan to live in peace and asked the UN representative to visit Pakistan and India and suggest measures for further progress in this dispute. In Resolution No. 209, the resolution of September 4, 1965, called on India and Pakistan to immediately cease hostilities in view of the deteriorating situation on the Line of Control between Pakistan and India. The resolution asked both countries to cooperate with the United Nations Military Observer Group and submit a report to the Secretary-General within three days. In Resolution No. 210, the resolution adopted on September 6, 1965, asked India and Pakistan to cease hostilities and withdraw their forces to the positions of August 5, 1965, as per the report of the United Nations Secretary-General. The resolution also called for a regular review of the Kashmir dispute. In Resolution 211, despite the Security Council’s instructions for a ceasefire in Resolutions 209 and 210, when there was no ceasefire between India and Pakistan, another resolution was passed on September 20, 1965, calling for a ceasefire by 7:00 a.m. (GMT) on September 22 and for the troops of both countries to return to their positions prior to August 5. Resolution 214, passed on September 27, 1965, expressed concern over the failure of India and Pakistan to cease hostilities and called on the parties to abide by the ceasefire agreement. Resolution 215, passed on November 5, 1965, called for the representatives of both countries to meet the Secretary-General to formulate a plan for the withdrawal of troops in the event of non-compliance with the ceasefire agreement between India and Pakistan. Resolution 307, passed on December 21, 1971, stated that after discussions with the representatives of India and Pakistan, the Security Council desired There should be a complete ceasefire in Jammu and Kashmir until the withdrawal of troops is complete. Resolution No. 1172 condemned the nuclear tests by India and Pakistan and asked both countries not to conduct further tests in the resolution of June 6, 1998. The resolution also offered assistance to resolve the Kashmir dispute between Pakistan and India by the Security Council. Is another resolution passed on the Kashmir dispute or is it asked to resume bilateral talks between Pakistan and India to resolve the Kashmir dispute? In this regard, it is said that the Security Council can also give instructions to India to improve the peace and order situation in Kashmir and provide basic rights to the Kashmiris
